class

Str

const class Str : Obj

Str represents a sequence of Unicode characters.

fields defVal

Default value is ""

methods mult

Duplicate this string the given number of times

getSafe

Get the character at the zero based index as a Unicode code point

upper

Return this string with all lowercase characters replaced to uppercase

replace

Replace all occurrences of from with to

indexr

Reverse index - return the first occurrence of the specified substring searching backward, starting at the specified offset index

localeDecapitalize

Return this string with the first character converted to lowercase using the current locale

toDisplayName

Translate a programmer name like "fooBar" to "Foo Bar"

justr

If size is less than width, then add spaces to the left to create a right justified string

toXml

Return this string as valid XML text

padr

If size is less than width, then add the given char to the left to achieve the specified width

justl

If size is less than width, then add spaces to the right to create a left justified string

localeCompare

Compare two strings without regard to case according to the current locale

trimEnd

Trim whitespace only from the end of the string

isSpace

Return if every character in this Str is whitespace

padl

If size is less than width, then add the given char to the left to achieve the specified width

localeUpper

Return this string with all lowercase characters replaced to uppercase using the current locale

split

Split a string into a list of substrings using the given separator character

trim

Trim whitespace from the beginning and end of the string

getRange

Return a substring based on the specified range

isUpper

Return if every character in this Str is ASCII uppercase

numNewlines

Count the number of newline combinations

equalsIgnoreCase

Convenience for compareIgnoreCase(s) == 0

toDecimal

Convenience for Decimal.fromStr using this string

indexIgnoreCase

Find the index just like fan.sys, but ignoring case for ASCII chars only

trimStart

Trim whitespace only from the beginning of the string

all

Return true if c returns true for all of the characters in this string

toStr

Return this

isAlphaNum

Return if every char is an ASCII alpha-numeric

in

Create an input stream to read characters from this string

isAlpha

Return if every char is an ASCII letter

toCode

Return this string as its Fantom source code and serialization representation surrounded by the specified quote character (which defaults to ")

lower

Return this string with all uppercase characters replaced to lowercase

index

Return the first occurrence of the specified substring searching forward, starting at the specified offset index

splitLines

Split this string into individual lines where lines are terminated by \n, \r\n, or \r

toBool

Convenience for Bool.fromStr using this string

eachr

Reverse each - call the specified function for every char in the string starting with index size-1 and decrementing down to 0

capitalize

Return this string with the first character converted uppercase

each

Call the specified function for every char in the string with index 0 and incrementing up to size-1

plus

Concat the value of obj.toStr

localeCapitalize

Return this string with the first character converted to uppercase using the current locale

contains

Return if this string contains the specified string

isAscii

Return if every character in this Str is a US-ASCII character less than 128

size

Return number of characters in this string

endsWith

Return if this Str ends with the specified Str

spaces

Get a Str containing the specified number of spaces

localeLower

Return this string with all uppercase characters replaced to lowercase using the current locale

hash

The hash for a Str is platform dependent

compareIgnoreCase

Compare two strings without regard to case and return -1, 0, or 1 if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified string

compare

Compare based on Unicode character values

containsChar

Return if this string contains the specified character

decapitalize

Return this string with the first character converted lowercase

get

Get the character at the zero based index as a Unicode code point

fromDisplayName

Translate a display name like "Foo Bar" to a programmatic name "fooBar"

trimToNull

Trim whitespace from the beginning and end of the string

toInt

Convenience for Int.fromStr using this string

toLocale

Return this

intern

Internalize this Str such that two strings which are equal via the == operator will have the same reference such that === will be true

toRegex

Convenience for Regex.fromStr using this string

toUri

Convenience for Uri.fromStr using this string

isEmpty

Return if size() == 0

toFloat

Convenience for Float.fromStr using this string

fromChars

Construct a string from a list of unicode code points

reverse

Reverse the contents of this string

any

Return true if c returns true for any of the characters in this string

toBuf

Get this string encoded into a buffer of bytes

indexrIgnoreCase

Find the index just like indexr, but ignoring case for ASCII chars only

eachLine

Split string into lines and call specified function with each line

equals

Return true if a Str with exact same char sequence

isLower

Return if every character in this Str is ASCII lowercase

eachWhile

Iterate each character in the string until the function returns non-null

chars

Get the characters in this string as a list of integer code points

startsWith

Return if this Str starts with the specified Str

all Bool all(|Int,Int->Bool| c)

Return true if c returns true for all of the characters in this string. If this string is empty, return true.

Example:

"Bar".all |c| { c.isUpper } => false
"BAR".all |c| { c.isUpper } => true

any Bool any(|Int,Int->Bool| c)

Return true if c returns true for any of the characters in this string. If this string is empty, return false.

Example:

"Foo".any |c| { c.isUpper } => true
"foo".any |c| { c.isUpper } => false

capitalize Str capitalize()

Return this string with the first character converted uppercase. The case conversion is for ASCII only. Also see decapitalize and localeCapitalize.

Example:

"foo".capitalize => "Foo"

chars Int[] chars()

Get the characters in this string as a list of integer code points. Also see fromChars.

compare virtual Int compare(Obj obj)

Compare based on Unicode character values. Case is not taken into account - also see compareIgnoreCase and localeCompare.

Examples:

"a".compare("b")    =>  -1
"hi".compare("hi")  =>  0
"hi".compare("HI")  =>  1
"b".compare("a")    =>  1

compareIgnoreCase Int compareIgnoreCase(Str s)

Compare two strings without regard to case and return -1, 0, or 1 if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified string. Only ASCII character case is taken into account. See localeCompare for localized case insensitive comparisions.

Examples:

"a".compareIgnoreCase("b")    =>  -1
"hi".compareIgnoreCase("HI")  =>  0
"b".compareIgnoreCase("a")    =>  1

contains Bool contains(Str s)

Return if this string contains the specified string. Convenience for index(s) != null

containsChar Bool containsChar(Int ch)

Return if this string contains the specified character.

decapitalize Str decapitalize()

Return this string with the first character converted lowercase. The case conversion is for ASCII only. Also see capitalize and localeDecapitalize.

Example:

"Foo".decapitalize => "foo"

defVal const static Str : defVal

Default value is "".

each Void each(|Int,Int| c)

Call the specified function for every char in the string with index 0 and incrementing up to size-1.

Example:

"abc".each |Int c| { echo(c.toChar) }

eachLine Void eachLine(|Str| f)

Split string into lines and call specified function with each line. Each line is terminated by \n, \r\n, \r, or EOF using the same semantics as splitLines

eachWhile Obj? eachWhile(|Int,Int->Obj?| c)

Iterate each character in the string until the function returns non-null. If function returns non-null, then break the iteration and return the resulting object. Return null if the function returns null for every item.

eachr Void eachr(|Int,Int| c)

Reverse each - call the specified function for every char in the string starting with index size-1 and decrementing down to 0.

Example:

"abc".eachr |Int c| { echo(c.toChar) }

endsWith Bool endsWith(Str s)

Return if this Str ends with the specified Str.

equals virtual Bool equals(Obj? obj)

Return true if a Str with exact same char sequence.

equalsIgnoreCase Bool equalsIgnoreCase(Str s)

Convenience for compareIgnoreCase(s) == 0. Only ASCII character case is taken into account. See localeCompare for localized case insensitive comparisions.

fromChars static Str fromChars(Int[] chars)

Construct a string from a list of unicode code points. Also see chars.

fromDisplayName Str fromDisplayName()

Translate a display name like "Foo Bar" to a programmatic name "fooBar". This method decapitalizes the first letter, then walks the string removing spaces. Also see toDisplayName.

Examples:

"Foo".fromDisplayName         ->  "foo"
"Foo Bar".fromDisplayName     ->  "fooBar"
"Foo Bar Baz".fromDisplayName ->  "fooBarBaz"
"Foo 33 Bar".fromDisplayName  ->  "foo33Bar"
"Foo XML".fromDisplayName     ->  "fooXML"
"foo bar".fromDisplayName     ->  "fooBar"

get @Operator
Int get(Int index)

Get the character at the zero based index as a Unicode code point. Negative indexes may be used to access from the end of the string. This method is accessed via the [] operator. Throw IndexErr if the index is out of range.

getRange @Operator
Str getRange(Range range)

Return a substring based on the specified range. Negative indexes may be used to access from the end of the string. This method is accessed via the [] operator. Throw IndexErr if range illegal.

Examples:

"abcd"[0..2]   => "abc"
"abcd"[3..3]   => "d"
"abcd"[-2..-1] => "cd"
"abcd"[0..<2]  => "ab"
"abcd"[1..-2]  => "bc"
"abcd"[4..-1]  => ""

getSafe Int getSafe(Int index, Int def)

Get the character at the zero based index as a Unicode code point. Negative indexes may be used to access from the end of the string. Unlike get, this method does not throw IndexErr when the index is out or range, instead it returns def.

hash virtual Int hash()

The hash for a Str is platform dependent.

in InStream in()

Create an input stream to read characters from this string. The input stream is designed only to read character data. Attempts to perform binary reads will throw UnsupportedErr.

index Int? index(Str s, Int offset)

Return the first occurrence of the specified substring searching forward, starting at the specified offset index. A negative offset may be used to access from the end of string. Return null if no occurrences are found.

Examples:

"abcabc".index("b")     => 1
"abcabc".index("b", 1)  => 1
"abcabc".index("b", 3)  => 4
"abcabc".index("b", -3) => 4
"abcabc".index("x")     => null

indexIgnoreCase Int? indexIgnoreCase(Str s, Int offset)

Find the index just like fan.sys, but ignoring case for ASCII chars only.

indexr Int? indexr(Str s, Int offset)

Reverse index - return the first occurrence of the specified substring searching backward, starting at the specified offset index. A negative offset may be used to access from the end of string. Return null if no occurrences are found.

Examples:

"abcabc".indexr("b")     => 4
"abcabc".indexr("b", -3) => 1
"abcabc".indexr("b", 0)  => null

indexrIgnoreCase Int? indexrIgnoreCase(Str s, Int offset)

Find the index just like indexr, but ignoring case for ASCII chars only.

intern Str intern()

Internalize this Str such that two strings which are equal via the == operator will have the same reference such that === will be true.

isAlpha Bool isAlpha()

Return if every char is an ASCII letter.

isAlphaNum Bool isAlphaNum()

Return if every char is an ASCII alpha-numeric.

isAscii Bool isAscii()

Return if every character in this Str is a US-ASCII character less than 128.

isEmpty Bool isEmpty()

Return if size() == 0.

isLower Bool isLower()

Return if every character in this Str is ASCII lowercase: a-'z'.

isSpace Bool isSpace()

Return if every character in this Str is whitespace: space \t \n \r \f

isUpper Bool isUpper()

Return if every character in this Str is ASCII uppercase: A-'Z'.

justl Str justl(Int width)

If size is less than width, then add spaces to the right to create a left justified string. Also see padr.

Examples:

"xyz".justl(2) => "xyz"
"xyz".justl(4) => "xyz "

justr Str justr(Int width)

If size is less than width, then add spaces to the left to create a right justified string. Also see padl.

Examples:

"xyz".justr(2) => "xyz"
"xyz".justr(4) => " xyz"

localeCapitalize Str localeCapitalize()

Return this string with the first character converted to uppercase using the current locale. Also see localeDecapitalize and capitalize.

localeCompare Int localeCompare(Str s)

Compare two strings without regard to case according to the current locale. Return -1, 0, or 1 if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified string.

Examples (assuming English locale):

"a".localeCompare("b")   =>  -1
"hi".localeCompare("HI") =>  0
"b".localeCompare("A")   =>  1

localeDecapitalize Str localeDecapitalize()

Return this string with the first character converted to lowercase using the current locale. Also see localeCapitalize and decapitalize.

localeLower Str localeLower()

Return this string with all uppercase characters replaced to lowercase using the current locale. Also see localeUpper, lower, and Int.localeLower.

localeUpper Str localeUpper()

Return this string with all lowercase characters replaced to uppercase using the current locale. Also see localeLower, upper, and Int.localeUpper.

lower Str lower()

Return this string with all uppercase characters replaced to lowercase. The case conversion is for ASCII only. Also see upper, localeLower, Int.lower, Int.localeLower.

Example:

"Apple".lower => "apple"

mult @Operator
Str mult(Int times)

Duplicate this string the given number of times. Any integer less than or equal to zero returns an empty string.

Examples:

"x" * 4  =>  "xxxx"

numNewlines Int numNewlines()

Count the number of newline combinations: "\n", "\r", or "\r\n".

padl Str padl(Int width, Int char)

If size is less than width, then add the given char to the left to achieve the specified width. Also see justr.

Examples:

"3".padl(3, '0') => "003"
"123".padl(2, '0') => "123"

padr Str padr(Int width, Int char)

If size is less than width, then add the given char to the left to achieve the specified width. Also see justl.

Examples:

"xyz".padr(2, '.') => "xyz"
"xyz".padr(5, '-') => "xyz--"

plus @Operator
Str plus(Obj? obj)

Concat the value of obj.toStr

replace Str replace(Str from, Str to)

Replace all occurrences of from with to.

Examples:

"hello".replace("hell", "t")  =>  "to"
"aababa".replace("ab", "-")   =>  "a--a"

reverse Str reverse()

Reverse the contents of this string.

Example:

"stressed".reverse => "desserts"

size Int size()

Return number of characters in this string.

spaces static Str spaces(Int n)

Get a Str containing the specified number of spaces. Also see justl and justr to justify an existing string.

Examples:

Str.spaces(1)  =>  " "
Str.spaces(2)  =>  "  "

split Str[] split(Int? separator, Bool trim)

Split a string into a list of substrings using the given separator character. If there are contiguous separators, then they are split into empty strings. If trim is true, then whitespace is trimmed from the beginning and end of the results.

If separator is null, then the string is split according to any sequence of whitespace characters (any character equal to or less than the 0x20 space character including , \r, \n, and \t).

If this is the empty string or there are no splits return a list of one item.

Examples:

// split on whitespace
"".split                   =>  [""]
"x".split                  =>  ["x"]
"x y".split                =>  ["x", "y"]
" x y ".split              =>  ["x", "y"]
" x \n y \n z ".split      =>  ["x", "y", "z"]

// split on sep with trim
"".split('|')              =>  [""]
"22".split(';')            =>  ["22"]
"22;33".split(';')         =>  ["22","33"]
"22, 33".split(',')        =>  ["22","33"]
" 22 ; 33 ".split(';')     =>  ["22","33"]

// split on sep with no trim
"22#33".split('#', false)  =>  ["22","33"]
" x ; y".split(';', false) =>  [" x "," y"]

splitLines Str[] splitLines()

Split this string into individual lines where lines are terminated by \n, \r\n, or \r. The returned strings do not contain the newline character.

Examples:

"x\ny".splitLines  => ["x", "y"]
"".splitLines      => [""]
"x".splitLines     => ["x"]
"\r\n".splitLines  => ["", ""]
"x\n".splitLines   => ["x", ""]

startsWith Bool startsWith(Str s)

Return if this Str starts with the specified Str.

toBool Bool? toBool(Bool checked)

Convenience for Bool.fromStr using this string.

toBuf Buf toBuf(Charset charset)

Get this string encoded into a buffer of bytes.

toCode Str toCode(Int? quote, Bool escapeUnicode)

Return this string as its Fantom source code and serialization representation surrounded by the specified quote character (which defaults to "). If quote is null then the return is unquoted. This method will backslash escape the following characters: \n \r \f \t \\ $. If the quote character is the double quote, single quote, or backtick then it is escaped too. Control chars less than 0x20 are escaped as \uXXXX. If escapeUnicode is true then any char over 0x7F is escaped as \uXXXX.

toDecimal Decimal? toDecimal(Bool checked)

Convenience for Decimal.fromStr using this string.

toDisplayName Str toDisplayName()

Translate a programmer name like "fooBar" to "Foo Bar". This method capitalizes the first letter, then walks the string looking for ASCII capital letters and inserting a space. Any underbars are replaced with a space. Also see fromDisplayName.

Examples:

"foo".toDisplayName       ->  "Foo
"fooBar".toDisplayName    ->  "Foo Bar"
"fooBarBaz".toDisplayName ->  "Foo Bar Baz"
"foo33".toDisplayName     ->  "Foo 33"
"fooXML".toDisplayName    ->  "Foo XML"
"Foo".toDisplayName       ->  "Foo"
"foo_bar".toDisplayName   ->  "Foo Bar"

toFloat Float? toFloat(Bool checked)

Convenience for Float.fromStr using this string.

toInt Int? toInt(Int radix, Bool checked)

Convenience for Int.fromStr using this string.

toLocale Str toLocale()

Return this. This method is used to enable toLocale to be used with duck typing across most built-in types.

toRegex Regex toRegex()

Convenience for Regex.fromStr using this string.

toStr virtual Str toStr()

Return this.

toUri Uri toUri()

Convenience for Uri.fromStr using this string.

toXml Str toXml()

Return this string as valid XML text. The special control characters amp, lt, apos and quot are always escaped. The gt char is escaped only if it is the first char or if preceded by the ] char. Also see OutStream.writeXml which is more efficient if streaming.

trim Str trim()

Trim whitespace from the beginning and end of the string. For the purposes of this method, whitespace is defined as any character equal to or less than the 0x20 space character (including , \r, \n, and \t).

Examples:

"foo".trim      =>  "foo"
"  foo".trim    =>  "foo"
" foo ".trim    =>  "foo"
"  foo\n".trim  =>  "foo"
"   ".trim      =>  ""

trimEnd Str trimEnd()

Trim whitespace only from the end of the string. See trim for definition of whitespace.

Examples:

"foo".trim    =>  "foo"
" foo ".trim  =>  " foo"

trimStart Str trimStart()

Trim whitespace only from the beginning of the string. See trim for definition of whitespace.

Examples:

"foo".trim    =>  "foo"
" foo ".trim  =>  "foo "

trimToNull Str? trimToNull()

Trim whitespace from the beginning and end of the string. Should the resultant string be empty, null is returned.

For the purposes of this method, whitespace is defined as any character equal to or less than the 0x20 space character (including , \r, \n, and \t).

Examples:

"foo".trimToNull      =>  "foo"
"  foo  ".trimToNull  =>  "foo"
"".trimToNull         =>  null
"   ".trimToNull      =>  null

upper Str upper()

Return this string with all lowercase characters replaced to uppercase. The case conversion is for ASCII only. Also see lower, localeUpper, Int.upper, Int.localeUpper.

Example:

"Foo Bar".upper => "FOO BAR"

Haxall 4.0.5 ∙ 24-Feb-2026 14:33 EST